Ingcamango kunye nokuhlelwa kweebhotile zeglasi kunye neetini?

Iibhotile zeglasikwaye iingqayi zizikhongozeli ezenziwe ngeglasi, ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina nokuthutha izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neemilo, iibhotile zeglasi kunye neengqayi zinokuhlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

1. Iibhotile zeglasi eziqhelekileyo: uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwebhotile yeglasi, oluhlala lusetyenziselwa ukugcina ukutya, iziselo, iziyobisi, nezinye izinto.
2. Iibhotile zeglasi ezithambileyo: emva konyango olukhethekileyo, amandla azo kunyeukuxhathisa impembeleloingaphuculwa, idla ngokusetyenziswa ukugcina izinto ezibuthathaka okanye kwiimeko apho iglasi iphukile khona.
3. Iibhotile zeglasi zokucoca umoya: zixhotyiswe ngeamakhonkco otywinokunye nezixhobo ezikhupha umoya emlonyeni webhotile, zinokugcina imeko ye-vacuum ngaphakathi, edla ngokusetyenziselwa ukugcina izinto ezinokuthi zitshiswe okanye zibole.
4. Iibhotile zeglasi ezineesiciko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi: isigqubuthelo kunye nomzimba webhotile zihlanganisiwe, zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha izinto ezifuna ukupakisha okuvaliweyo, njengeziyobisi.
5. Iibhotile zeglasi zokuhombisa: zisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa,amalungiselelo eentyatyambo, kunye nezinye iinjongo, ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala enokwenziwa ngokwezifiso njengoko kufuneka.
6. Ezinye iibhotile zeglasi ezikhethekileyo: ezifana neebhotile ze-chemical reagent,iibhotile zeoyile ezibalulekileyo, iibhotile zeziqholo, njl.njl., eziyilwe kwaye zenziwe ngokweempawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
7. Phakathi kwazo, iibhotile zeglasi eziqhelekileyo zinokwahlulwahlulwa ngombala, njengombala omdaka wewayini ebomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka webhiya, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka weoyile yomnquma, njalo njalo.

I-China yayisele isebenzise imibhobho yokuvuthela ukwenza izikhongozeli zeglasi ezingenanto ngexesha le-Tang kunye ne-Iingoma zasebukhosini.

Iibhotile zeglasi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokupakisha iziselo, iziselo ezinxilisayo, iimveliso zeekhemikhali, amayeza, izixhobo zemfundo, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo zokupakisha, iibhotile zeglasi zineengenelo ezifana nokucaca, ukucocwa lula, ukuzinza okuphezulu kweekhemikhali, ukungabikho kongcoliseko kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukuqina komoya okuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina, iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemihombiso, kunye nokuphinde zisetyenziswe. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zeebhotile zeglasi kukuba zibuthathaka kwaye zinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa, ezi ngxaki ziyasonjululwa kancinci kancinci.

Imvelaphi yeshishini leglasi lanamhlanje inokulandelwa ukususela phakathi kowe-1904 nowe-1908. IShanghai Jinghua Glass Factory, eyasekwa ngo-1931, yayiyifektri yokuqala eTshayina ukuphuhlisa rhoqo iibhotile zeglasi kunye neejagi kusetyenziswa ii-ovens zegumbi lokuhlambela ezivuselelayo ezimile njengomlilo kunye nee-horseshoe kunye noomatshini bokwenza iibhotile abazenzekelayo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iTshayina yakha iifektri ezinkulu zokwenza iibhotile zanamhlanje. Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, uphuculo olukhulu kwimveliso yeebhotile zeglasi yayikukunciphisa ubunzima beebhotile zeglasi, nto leyo eyayisindisa izinto eziluhlaza, ipetroli, isantya sokuvelisa esonyukayo, kunye neendleko zokuthutha ezincitshisiweyo. Ngeminyaka yoo-2010, iifektri zethu zazisele ziqokelele amava eminyaka emininzi kwimveliso, ziphucule kwaye ziphucule izinto eziluhlaza, kwaye iibhotile zethu zeglasi zazingasenazo izinyithi ezinzima ezifana ne-lead kunye ne-mercury. Ngokuphuculwa kweshishini lonke,iimpawu zempiloIibhotile zeglasi nazo zibonakalisiwe, kwaye iimveliso zethu zingene kuluhlu lweemveliso ezingaxolelwanga. Kwangaxeshanye,thina mvelisoukuphucula nokuphucula rhoqoifomula yezinto zokwenza imvelisoiibhotile zeglasi ngokusekelwe kumava, okwenza iibhotile zethu zeglasi zibonakale ngakumbi kwaye zingabi nabumdaka ngombala. Emva kokudlula kwi-conveyor ende engama-500 yeemitha, iibhotile zeglasi ziyaphola ngokwendalo, zizenze ziqine ngakumbi, zihlale ixesha elide, kwaye zikhuseleke kuneebhotile zeglasi ezifanayo. Kwiimveliso zethu, siqalise indlela yokwahlulahlula izinto ezikrwada, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kushishino. Sisebenzisa izinto ezikrwada ezahlukeneyo kwiibhotile zeglasi ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa okwahlukileyo, kunye neemilo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza iimveliso ezikrwada ezifana neebhotile zechampagne, iibhotile zebhiya, kunye neebhotile zesiselo zikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo ngakumbi, iimveliso eziphezulu ezifana neebhotile zewayini kunye neebhotile zeziqholo zibonakale ngakumbi kwaye zibukeka zikumgangatho ophezulu, iikomityi zamanzi kunye nezinye iimveliso zilungelelaniswe ngakumbiutshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu, kunye neembiza zepickle ezingabizi kakhulu ezingabizi kakhulu, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zokusebenzisa. Injongo yethu kukwenza iimveliso ezingcono ngexabiso eliphantsi sisebenzisa iindlela ezingcono.

Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kwiibhotile zeglasi kunye neejagi kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa,iindlela zokubumba,isantya sokubumba,iimpawu zenkqubo, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziluhlaza. Uninzi lweebhotile kunye neengqayi zenziwe ngeglasi yesoda-lime-silica. Izinto eziphambili zeglasi yesoda-lime-silica yiSiO2, Na2O, kunye neCaO. Ukongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-Al2O3 kunye neMgO kunokunciphisa ukuthambekela kweglasi ukuba iqine, kuphucule uzinzo lweekhemikhali kunyeamandla oomatshiniyeglasi, kwaye iphucula ukubumbeka kweglasi. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kwiibhotile zeglasi zesoda-lime kunye neejari kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela yiSiO2 70-74%, iCaO kunye neMgO 10-14%, iNa2O kunye neK2O 13-16%, kunye neAl2O3 1.5-2.5%. Xa kusenziwa iibhotile zeglasi ezingenambala kunye neejari, umxholo weFe2O3 kwiisanti ye-quartziphantsi kakhulu (ngokubanzi malunga ne-0.03%). Ukongeza i-Cr2O3 kunye ne-Fe2O3 kuya kwenza iglasi eqhelekileyo yesoda-lime ibonakale iluhlaza, ngelixa ukongeza i-sulfur-carbon okanye i-MnO2 kunye ne-Fe2O3 kuya kwenza iglasi ibonakale imdaka. Iglasi ye-borosilicate idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhotile kunye neebhotile zamayeza ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu kweekhemikhali. Iibhotile zezithambiso eziphezulu zihlala zenziwe ngeglasi yekristale equlethe i-lead, i-barium, okanye i-zinc, ngelixa ezinye zenziwe ngeglasi yobisi kusetyenziswa ii-fluoride njengee-opacifying agents.