Okwangoku, ngaphandle kweemveliso ezimbalwa ezikumgangatho ophantsi kunye neebhrendi ezahlukeneyo ezikwimarike, uninzi lweebhrendi lunoyilo lwalo lokupakisha olukhethekileyo, olungapheleli nje ekunyuseni amaxabiso emveliso, kodwa lukwahluke kwiimveliso ezikhuphisanayo kwaye ludale iingenelo ezingcono.
1 Iintlobo eziphambili zezinto zokupakisha iwayini
Ukupakisha iwayini kwahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiipakethe zangaphandle kunye nokupakisha kwangaphakathi. Iintlobo zezinto zokupakisha zangaphandle ziquka iphepha, iplastiki, isinyithi kunye nomthi; iintlobo zezinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi ziquka iplastiki, iglasi, umthi kunye neeseramikhi; njengoko ezinye iimpawu zisiya ziduma ngakumbi, ziya kunikwa ngokukodwa abanye abantu abadumileyo. Ukupakisha iwayini nako kutsha kakhulu, kwaye abanye basebenzisa iiseramikhi, iikristale kunye nejade. Namhlanje, makhe sifunde ngempembelelo yezinto zokupakisha kwibhotile yewayini kumgangatho wewayini.
1.1 Impembelelo yezinto ezingaphakathi zokupakisha iwayini kwiwayini
"Ukupakisha kwangaphakathi" kwewayini kubhekisa kwizinto zokupakisha ezidibana ngqo newayini. Iimpawu zolu hlobo lwezinto zokupakisha zizinzile ixesha elifutshane, kodwa ivumba elimnandi lewayini kufuneka ligcinwe ixesha elide. Ukudibana kwexesha elide phakathi kwezinto zokupakisha iwayini kunye newayini kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho wewayini. Xa izikhongozeli zokutya, izinto zokupakisha, njl.njl. zidibana nokutya, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye zezi zinto zinokufudukela ekutyeni, zichaphazele nokutshintsha incasa okanye umgangatho wokutya, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya.
1.3.2 Iglasi ikakhulu yenziwa ngeebhotile zewayini, ezibonakala ngokucacileyo, eziqinileyo nezinganyangekiyo kuxinzelelo, ezinesithintelo esihle, ezimelana nokugqwala, ezimelana nobushushu kunye neempawu zokukhanya, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza kunye nokucubungula ukwenza iwayini yeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Kodwa ukuze kube lula ukwenza iglasi, kufuneka kufakwe ii-oxides kwiglasi.
① Ingenza ii-oxide zeglasi zodwa, ize ibe zii-oxide zeglasi (ii-network formers);
②Ii-oxides ezingakwaziyo ukwenza iglasi zodwa kodwa zinokutshintsha iipropati (okanye ulwakhiwo) lweglasi, ziba zii-oxides ezitshintsha umzimba (ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi), ezifana neLi2O, Na2O, K2O,
I-CaO, i-MgO, i-BaO, njl.njl.;
Abantu baxhomekeke ekutyeni ukuze baphile, kwaye ukhuseleko lokutya lunxulumene kakhulu nomthengi ngamnye, kwaye ukhuseleko lokutya luye lwaba yinto ephambili. Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ukugxila kwabantu kukhuseleko lokutya akupheleli nje kwingxaki yokutya ngokwayo, kodwa neengxaki zokhuseleko lokutya ezinokubangelwa zizinto kunye neemveliso ezidibana nokutya ziye zathandwa kakhulu. Enye yezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Amaxesha aqhelekileyo, njengeengubo ezikhethekileyo ezityebileyo, izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kwi-benzene kwiingxowa zokupakisha ukutya, kunye neminye imiba yokhuseleko ivuse inkxalabo kunye nenkxalabo ebanzi kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.
Phakathi kwezinto zokupakisha iwayini, iibhotile zewayini zeglasi zisetyenziswa njengezikhongozeli, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuye kwakhula. Iibhotile zewayini zeseramikhi ziyawohloka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokufunxwa kwamanzi. I-Bone china ayinamanzi amaninzi kwaye ifunxwa amanzi kancinci, kwaye ingasetyenziswa ekupakisheni iwayini. Iimveliso zeplastiki ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zisetyenziswe kakhulu ekupakisheni iwayini, kodwa zonke zineengenelo kunye nokungalungi kwazo, kwaye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezidibanisa izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zepolymer zinokwenza ukusilela ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zepolymer. Njengeziko lophando lwesayensi, kufuneka liqinise uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokupakisha iwayini, lifumane izinto ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha, libonelele ngezihloko zobungcali ezingcono zophuhliso lweshishini lewayini, kwaye livumele inkcubeko yewayini ekudala isasazeka kwilizwe laseTshayina.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-12-2022