Kwiindawo zokwenza iwayini ezithenga iibhotile zeglasi ngobuninzi, indlela yokwenza iibhotile zeglasi ayisiyondlela yokuvelisa kuphela.—Imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhambelana kwesimo sebhotile, ukufana kobukhulu bodonga, ukumelana noxinzelelo, kwanokhuseleko lokugcina iwayini ixesha elide. Njengomvelisi weebhotile zeglasi oqeqeshiweyo oneziqinisekiso ze-SGS kunye ne-LFGB, sinolwazi olupheleleyo lwetekhnoloji yokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo eyenzelwe ukuveliswa kweebhotile zewayini, siqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi yee-odolo ezininzi iyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho weendawo zokwenza iwayini. Namhlanje, siza kuchaza ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuguquka kweendlela zokwenza iibhotile zeglasi, sigxile kwiinkqubo eziphambili ezifanelekileyo zokuveliswa kweebhotile zewayini, kwaye sityhile indlela itekhnoloji yokwenza ephucukileyo eqinisekisa ngayo umgangatho wezixhobo zeebhotile zewayini ezininzi.

1. Uphuhliso Lokwenziwa Kweebhotile Zeglasi: Ukusuka Ebuchwepheni Bezandla ukuya Ekuveliseni Ngobuninzi Obuzenzekelayo

Imbali yokwenziwa kweebhotile zeglasi ithatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-300, kwaye uphuhliso lwayo lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemfuno yokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni:

Ukwenziwa ngesandla (kwiminyaka engama-300 eyadlulayo ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20): Kwimihla yakudala, ukwenza iibhotile zeglasi kwakuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizakhono zeengcibi. Abasebenzi babethatha iglasi enyibilikisiweyo ngepipe yokuvuthela, bayivuthele ibe yimo erhabaxa, baze bayibumbe ngesandla ngezixhobo. Le ndlela yayibonakala ngokusebenza okuphantsi, iindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi, kunye nomahluko omkhulu phakathi kweemveliso nganye nganye.—Yayifaneleke kuphela kwimveliso encinci yeglasi yobugcisa okanye iibhotile ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, kwaye yayingakwazi kwaphela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthengwa kwewayini ngobuninzi.

Ukwakheka okuzenzakalelayo (phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20): Ngokuvela kwezixhobo ezilula zoomatshini, inxalenye yokusebenza ngesandla yathatyathelw’ indawo ngoomatshini—umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iimold ukulungisa imo yebhotile kunye nokuvuthela ngesandla ukulawula ubukhulu. Nangona ukusebenza kakuhle kuphuculwe xa kuthelekiswa nokwenziwa ngesandla, ingxaki yomgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo yayisakho, kwaye kwakunzima ukuziqhelanisa nokuveliswa okukhulu kweebhotile zewayini ezisemgangathweni.

Ukwenziwa koomatshini okuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo (ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku): Le yindlela yokwenza eyintloko eyamkelwe ziifektri zanamhlanje zeebhotile zeglasi ezikhonza abathengi beevenkile ezinkulu zewayini. Ngokudibanisa izixhobo ze-CNC ezichanekileyo kakhulu, iinkqubo zokulawula ubushushu ezikrelekrele, kunye nemigca yokudlulisa ezenzekelayo, yonke inkqubo ukusuka ekutyisweni kweglasi enyibilikisiweyo ukuya ekubunjweni kweebhotile kunye nokuqhoboshelwa kolwelo igqitywa ngoomatshini. Le ndlela ayifezekisi kuphela imveliso yemihla ngemihla yeebhotile ezingaphezu kwama-600,000, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezinkulu zeevenkile zewayini, kodwa ikwaqinisekisa ukuba impazamo yobukhulu bebhotile nganye ilawulwa ngaphakathi±0.1mm, isombulula inqanaba elibuhlungu lomgangatho webhotile ongalinganiyo ekuthengweni ngobuninzi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukwenziwa ngesandla okanye okwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kusagcinwa kushishino, kodwa kusetyenziselwa kuphela ukuvelisa iimveliso ezincinci, ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neeglasi zesipho, iglasi yokukhanyisa ubugcisa, kunye neebhotile zokudala ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Kwiindawo zokwenza iwayini ezifuna ukunikezelwa okuzinzileyo kweebhotile zewayini eziqhelekileyo, ukwenziwa koomatshini okuzenzekelayo kuphela kokhetho oluthembekileyo.

2. Iindlela Zokwenza Ibhotile Yewayini Engundoqo: Iinkqubo Zokuvuthela Nokucinezela

Iimveliso zeglasi zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka ngenxa yokwahluka kwimilo, ubunzima, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye nokwakheka kweglasi.—Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukucinezela, ukuvuthela, ukuzoba, iglasi edadayo, ukuzoba ngocingo, kunye nokugalela. Phakathi kwazo, iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwimveliso yeebhotile zewayini zeziukwenza ukuvuthelakwayeukwenza i-press-blowEzi ndlela zimbini zisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo uphawu lweglasi—i-viscosity yayo iyanda ngokukhawuleza njengoko ubushushu buncipha: iglasi enyibilikisiweyo ihamba ngokukhululekileyo kubushushu obuphezulu, iqina kancinci kancinci ibe yimeko ye-viscoelastic njengoko ubushushu buncipha, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqina ibe yimo engaguqukiyo. Ukongeza, izinto ezifana nokuthambekela kwekristale yeglasi, uxinzelelo lomphezulu, kunye nokuhamba kobushushu zilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza ukuze kuthintelwe iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye namaqamza.

(1) Ukwenziwa kweBlow-Blow: Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwiibhotile zewayini ezinomlomo omncinci

Ukwenziwa kwe-blow-blow yeyona nkqubo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhotile zewayini eziqhelekileyo (ezifana neebhotile zewayini ebomvu ezingama-750ml, iibhotile zewayini ezimhlophe ezingama-375ml) ezinemilomo emincinci kunye neendonga ezixineneyo. Ukuhamba kwayo kwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kakhulu kwaye kufanelekile kwimveliso enkulu:

Ukusika iglasi enyibilikisiweyo: Iglasi enyibilikisiweyo enobushushu obuphezulu (malunga ne-1100℃) isikwe yaba ziingceba zeglasi ezinobunzima obungaguqukiyo ngomatshini wokucheba—Kwiibhotile zewayini ezingama-750ml, ubunzima beglasi nganye bulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwi-450-480g ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bodonga lwebhotile egqityiweyo buyafana.

Ukuvuthuzwa kokuqala kokubumba (ukwakheka kweparason): Iglasi egayiweyo iwela kwimoldi yokuqala, kwaye umoya ocinezelweyo uvuthelwa kuyo ukuze wenze iparison engenanto enentamo. Kweli nqanaba, ubungakanani bentamo yebhotile buzinzile, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekufanisweni komgca wokuzalisa iwayini olandelayo kwiindawo zokwenza iwayini.

Dlulisela kwi-mold yokwenza: I-parison idluliselwa kwi-mold eyenziweyo ngengalo yoomatshini. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu beglasi buyehla bufike kwi-850-900℃, kwaye ingena kwimeko ye-viscoelastic—ayimanzi kakhulu kwaye ayinzima kakhulu, lelona qondo lobushushu lifanelekileyo.

Ukuvuthela kokugqibela kunye nokubumba: Umoya ocinezelweyo uvuthelwa kwakhona kwi-parison, kwaye iglasi incamathiselwe eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwesikhunta esibumbayo phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya, nto leyo eyenza imo yokugqibela yebhotile yewayini (kubandakanya umzimba webhotile, igxalaba, ezantsi).

Ukucoca kunye nokupholisa: Ibhotile eyenziweyo ithunyelwa ngoko nangoko kwisithando somlilo ukuze iphole kancinci ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuthintela ibhotile ukuba ingaqhekeki ngexesha lokugcina nokuthuthwa.

Eyona nzuzo inkulu yokwenza i-blow-blow kukuba inokuvelisa iibhotile ezinomlomo omncinci ezinobukhulu obufanayo bodonga kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo oluqinileyo.—Iibhotile zethu zewayini ezenziwe nge-blow-blow zinokumelana noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-1.2MPa, zihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokugcina iwayini ekhazimlayo enomxholo ophezulu we-carbon dioxide. Le nkqubo ifanelekile kwiiodolo ezininzi zeebhotile ezingaphezu kwe-100,000, ngesantya esifanelekileyo esingaphezulu kwe-99.5%.

(2) Ukwenziwa kweCofa ngeBlow: Isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiibhotile zewayini ezinomlomo omkhulu kunye nobukhulu obuphantsi

Ukwenziwa kwe-press-blow kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iibhotile zewayini ezikhethekileyo ezifana neebhotile zebrandi ezinkulu, iibhotile ze-whisky ezisezantsi, kunye neebhotile ze-magnum ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (1.5L/3L). Xa kuthelekiswa nokwenziwa kwe-blow-blow, yongeza inyathelo "lokucinezela", elifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiibhotile ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendonga ezinkulu zasekuhlaleni:

Ukondla kunye nokucinezela ngeglasi: Iglasi egobileyo iwela kwimoldi, kwaye i-plunger yesinyithi icinezelwa ezantsi ukusuka phezulu ukuze icinezele iglasi ibe yimo ye-parison—Eli nyathelo linokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubukhulu bomzantsi webhotile (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8-10mm), liphucula uzinzo lwebhotile kwaye liyithintele ukuba ingawi kwishelufu yewayini.

Ukuvuthela kunye nokubumba: Emva kokuba i-plunger iphakanyisiwe, umoya ocinezelweyo uvuthelwa kwi-parison ukuze iglasi ilingane ne-mold kwaye yenze imo epheleleyo yebhotile.

Ukudilizwa kunye nokutsalwa kwenkunkuma: Le nkqubo ifana nokwenza i-blow-blow, kodwa ixesha lokuqhoboshela landiswa ngeyure e-1-2 kwiibhotile ezixineneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lususwa kwindawo yeglasi exineneyo.

Ukwenziwa kwe-press-blow kubonakaliswa kukuziqhelanisa kakhulu neemilo zebhotile ezintsonkothileyo—Sisebenzise le nkqubo ukwenza ngokwezifiso iibhotile zewhisky ezisezantsi ezixineneyo kwivenkile yokudilisa yaseScotland, kwaye iibhotile ezigqityiweyo azinazo nje kuphela inkangeleko ephezulu kodwa zikwaphumelela uvavanyo lokuwa kwe-1.5 yeemitha ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, zihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokupakisha ngobuninzi beebhrendi zotywala obuphezulu.

3. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza iglasi (Azifanelekanga ukuvelisa ibhotile yewayini eninzi)

Ukongeza ekubetheni ngebhowudi kunye nokufakela nge-press-blow, kukho ezinye iindlela zokwenza kwishishini leglasi, kodwa azifanelekanga ukuvelisa iibhotile zewayini ngenxa yeempawu zenkqubo:

Ukwenziwa kweglasi edadayo: Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa iglasi ethe tyaba njengeglasi yefestile kunye neglasi ye-photovoltaic. Iglasi ethe tyaba idada phezu kwenkcenkce ethe tyaba ukuze yenze ishiti elithe tyaba, elingenakusetyenziswa ukwenza iimveliso zebhotile ezingenanto.

Ukwenziwa kwemizobo: Ifanelekile ukuvelisa iimveliso zeglasi ezinemicu emide efana neetyhubhu zeglasi kunye neefayibha ze-optical. Ixhomekeke ekutsaleni koomatshini ukuze yolule iglasi enyibilikisiweyo ibe yimicu, into engasebenziyo kwimilo yeebhotile zewayini enemilinganiselo emithathu.

Ukwakha ukuthulula: Ukugalela iglasi enyibilikisiweyo kwiinkuni uze uyivumele iphole kwaye iqine ngokwendalo. Le ndlela ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye ayinakuchaneka kakuhle, kwaye isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuveliswa kweeglasi zobugcisa ezincinci.

4. Indlela iTekhnoloji yethu yokwenza izinto eqinisekisa ngayo umgangatho wee-odolo zeebhotile zewayini ezithengiswayo

Kwimizi-mveliso yewayini, iimfuno eziphambili zokuthengwa kweebhotile zeglasi ngobuninzi zeziumgangatho ozinzileyo, iinkcukacha ezihambelanayo, kunye nokuhanjiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyoUbuchwepheshe bethu obuphambili bokwakha kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo luhlangabezana ngokugqibeleleyo nezi mfuno:

Ulawulo lobushushu olukrelekrele: Ubushushu beglasi enyibilikisiweyo bulawulwa ngaphakathi±5℃ngenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu oluzenzekelayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-viscosity yeglasi izinzile kwaye kuthintelwe iziphene ezifana nobukhulu bodonga obungalinganiyo obubangelwa kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu.

Ulawulo lokuchaneka komngundo: Zonke izinto ezibumbayo zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy enganyangekiyo kubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka komatshini±0.05mm. Kwiiodolo ezinkulu, sisebenzisa iimolds ezikhethekileyo ukunqanda ukungcoliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhotile nokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zemveliso ezifanayo.

Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wenkqubo epheleleyo: Emva kokwakheka, ibhotile nganye ihlolwa yinkqubo yokubona ngokubonakalayo ezenzekelayo ukuze ibone iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka, amaqamza, kunye neentamo ezingalinganiyo. Iimveliso ezineziphene zisuswa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye izinga elifanelekileyo leemveliso ezigqityiweyo ligcinwa lingaphezulu kwe-99.5%.

Umthamo wemveliso enkulu ngokufanelekileyo: Sixhotyiswe ngemigca esi-8 yokuvelisa i-blow-blow ezenzekelayo kunye ne-press-blow, singagqiba ukuvelisa iibhotile zewayini ezisemgangathweni ezi-1 yezigidi kwiintsuku ezili-15, siqinisekisa ukuba iishedyuli zemveliso yee-wineries azilibaziseka.

Ukongeza, zonke iibhotile eziveliswa ziinkqubo zethu zokwenziwa ziphumelele iziqinisekiso ze-SGS kunye ne-LFGB.—Ubukhulu bodonga obufanayo kunye nesakhiwo esizinzileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokuvuza kwezinto ezinobungozi, nto leyo enika isiqinisekiso esiphindwe kabini sokhuseleko lweemveliso zewayini.

Ukuba ungumenzi wewayini ufuna umthengisi weebhotile zeglasi ezinkulu onobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokwenza izinto kunye nomgangatho othembekileyo, nceda unxibelelane nathi. Singakubonelela ngezisombululo zokwenza izinto ezenzelwe wena ngokweemfuno zakho zesimo sebhotile, kwaye sinikeze uvavanyo lwesampulu yasimahla ukuqinisekisa ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nokuhambelana komgangatho weebhotile.